Funerary temples

Funerary temples were built for another purpose is worship and this was kind of temples special priests held for the performance of funeral rites for the king or pharaoh and held by the religious rituals and religious songs and prayers , and writes this kind of temples dates family pharaoh and his origin and upbringing does not care about his achievements .

Initially, built funerary temples around the pyramids of the Old Kingdom and Central , but in the era of the modern state began pharaohs build their tombs in the Valley of the Kings , so they built their temples funeral separately. Has distanced the kings of the modern state between these temples and the tombs of several pragmatic reasons and religious , and because the grandparents they care to save the body , and this has Hantoh then they put in coffins different reposed in turn in place of the hippocampus , one of the forms of the pyramid , and this for the kings . , the pyramid has extensions phenomenon of funerary temples , but the kings of the modern state saw this figure alone is evidence of a cemetery draws the attention of the thief

Bahari Temple of Hatshepsut

Temple of Hatshepsut solo in its style and there between Egyptian temples is like it was built from three layers above one other and has constructed're going to die one of the most important engineers of that era, has dedicated the temple to offer worship and offerings to the Queen and her predecessors, however, was devoted to other purposes, the most important to have committee Amon also launched by the Egyptian texts, and has caused him to an insignificant structures of the cemetery are the gods Anubis and Hathor.

Ramesseum temple

Ramesseum of funerary temples which were built for the dead in ancient Egypt . Built by King Ramses II , a more kings who built their temples . And includes a temple huge statues of King Ramses II , and an important aspect of the inscriptions that tell the nature of life in that period , and recorded images and inscriptions that adorn the wall of the temple and the facts of the Battle of Kadesh famously won by King Ramses II, the Hittites , and how planning for the war .

And the temple is also known as the Palace of millions of years , and he called the Greek historian Riurus error tomb " or Safayes " It is wrong to interpret the Greek name of Ramses II, ancient .

The temple of the most beautiful temples in Egypt , as it is made up of the remnants of roads and columns Oozyreh chipped huge edifice collapsed and half , and seemed Sagovh were made of brick , which rises in the level of the one with the wall of the temple.

And has found the effects of the Egyptian-French mission headed by Christian Blanc operating temple Ramesseum in the western area of ​​land in Luxor on the remnants of an important temple dating back to the era of the two families of the 19 and 20 Faraounic includes a range of kitchens and architectures for Butcher and huge stores in addition to the school, which was dedicated to the education of the children of the workers.

Head black temple

Uncovered by chance about it Roman temple in 1936 by accident in the head region of Sidi black man , was located in the part of a modern residential area , and is facing a difficult environmental conditions of underground water and sanitation. And decided to save the Temple of the Supreme Council of Antiquities SCA transfer of the temple in 1995 , and was named his high position within the area of ​​the cemetery of the Latins in downtown Alexandria Police Department in front of the door of the Eastern District on the road to freedom. Stones took decoding and re- built the temple in the new place six months. The remaining part of it now is not a temple , but the sense is a small structure . The history of the Latin cemetery known as the " alabaster " to the early Ptolemaic period .

- Planning the temple :

    First floor:

The temple consists of two floors , each devoted to the worship of the bottom while the upper housing for the priests of the temple , but this is the temple of temples unique among Greek temples in Egypt and Romania in terms of planning . Built the temple - a habit temples Romania - on the high ground can be accessed by ten degrees him in the front facade of the temple only . These grades are based display and facade of the building entirely . Stairs lead to the lobby led by four columns of marble Ionic crown . The columns in the middle of a column topped by a small votive feet linked to the story of the construction of the temple. Behind the columns there are the main chamber of the temple , a chamber square , and stick to the wall North terrace Msidh of stone , surmounted by five statues of white marble : a statue of Isis , and the Statue of Harpocrates , the third for " Hermanubis " , and statues of Osiris Alcanoby They are the gods of the temple and all of them are currently in the museum Greco-Roman . The terrace in front of a small altar was found near him on the statues of the Sphinx temple to protect them from any danger that may be exposed to him .

    Second floor :

Can be reached via a narrow staircase in the eastern wall of the temple , and includes accommodation priests . Consists of two rooms are alike in the way of building them with the first floor which shows from the same era as the temple and not in addition to subsequent eras . The Tahedmta Ahadjrtan to a large extent , and there are no inscriptions on the walls of the temple of internal or external .

- Dedicate the temple : Chris Temple black head by one of cavalry called " Isidore " any " gift of Isis " , which had fallen from his vehicle warfare and struck his foot and to heal his foot vow to Isis a foot of the white marble wearing shoes held above the square column of record marble inscription in Greek, says : "We have dedicated the Isidore the image of this football gods to which you saved after deadly Tumble of the vehicle ." What is meant here is the goddess of the goddess Isis to which he devoted the temple. Dating temple mid- second century AD .

Sphinx road

Is a paved road tiles of stone flanked by both sides statues on the sphinx represents the king Nguetnpo first ( of the kings of the family thirty ) who created this way in his reign . Was this road connects to the temple of the god Khonsu south of the temples of Karnak The solution to this road shop by rams , which is due to the reign of King Amenhotep III , as evidenced by the presence of some of the statues , which bears the name of Amenhotep III at the southern gate of the Temple of Khonsu .

The sculpture sphinx from a single block of sandstone embody the lion his head King Nguetnpo , has put the statue on a rectangular base dimensions 120X330 cm has been detected so far about 34 statues of sphinx on each side . Goal by sphinx is to determine the path of the procession , whether royal or divine and highlight its axis .

Louxor dromos & pylône

Middle Kingdom : likely that there were in the same area where he lived Amenhotep III temple remnants of an ancient temple or shrine sacred back to the Middle Kingdom , and most likely he was in the era of a family of twelve.

King Amenhotep III : thanks in building the temple in its current form, on the east bank of the Nile on one axis from north to south to Amenhotep III of the kings of the Eighteenth Dynasty .

Queen Hatshepsut and King Thutmose III : They B_ed small building consisting of three chapels dedicated to the Thebah Triad is likely to King Ramses II had rebuilt these chapels and record his name on it.

King Ramses II : Added King Ramses II of the kings of the Nineteenth Dynasty and was succeeded by a large monument spacious courtyard The masters of Papyrus .
Amenhotep III ordered the establishment of this temple to the Thebah triad most likely for two reasons :

1 - to confirm the percentage of the god Amun, the same as that eligibility for the throne were not clear , according to Egyptian traditions , which states that the pharaoh must be a son of Pharaoh and Princess of pure breed either if the lineage is pure Victsp eligibility to the throne to marry the eldest daughter of the king (ibid.). One of the two conditions did not apply to Amenhotep III ummah were not Egyptian , and his wife were not the ownership of the breed . Therefore confirmed its legitimacy to prove lineage to the throne of the God Amun himself and registration of birth on the sacred walls of the room and the famous temple known as the Chamber of birth .

2 - pleasing the priests of Amun, in order to come to terms Pharaoh legitimate to Egypt therefore dedicated this temple to the god Amun, and a copy of the picture , a so-called " Amon Ra - ka - death - AFP " no " Amun - Ra bull mother ," an image that appears Amun - Ra agency fertile and the life cycle.

Abydos Panel

It was found in the temple of Abydos "godmother buried now - Center Sohag Governorate of Sohag" includes painting - dating back to the reign of King Seti I one of the kings of the Nineteenth Dynasty - the names of 76 king junior names of the kings of the first family and finished King City itself, with the omission of some of the kings of families are different

Saqqara Panel

This painting was found in a tomb at Saqqara and priests who lived in the reign of King Ramses II, the third Nineteenth Dynasty kings, and no painting in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo and on both sides includes the names of 58 owned by the kings of the First Dynasty prefix and finished King Ramses II

Karnak Panel

This painting engraved in the reign of King Tuthmosis III, one of the kings of the Eighteenth Dynasty and was based in a small room next to the lounge holidays in Karnak Temple, has been transferred to the Louvre Museum in Paris. Painting includes the names of 16 king of the ancestors of Thutmose III blur First Name them and followed by the name of the King, "Bent" the founder of the Fourth Dynasty and then the names of the kings of some dynastic family until the end of the seventeenth

Palermo stone

This stone is attributed to the city of Palermo, the capital of the island of Sicily, where the museum since 1877, and that by the end of the Fifth Dynasty dating or early sixth dynasty. The stone is a small piece of stone schist has a length of 5.43 cm, was part of a large stone log on facial names of ruled Egypt since the pre-dynastic period until the Fifth Dynasty, where the last name is the name of "turnoff Air Ka Ra" one of the kings of this family and for some reason this stone crash, but did not find the six pieces of it largest piece of Palermo, and are found in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo four pieces, while the no widget sixth in the University Museum in London

Greeks and Romans travelers

The mentioned in the writings of the Greeks and Romans travelers who visited Egypt in different periods starting from the sixth century BC to the second century AD an important source of historical of Pharaonic loss . This source is considered less accurate sources for several reasons , including the fact that these travelers were not aware of the ancient Egyptian language when they visited the Roman Egypt , which was adopted in recording events on translators and intermediaries writings came truncated and distorted and contrary to the facts in some cases. It also causes they visited Egypt in periods of weakness or if their country in the case of a feud with Egypt , and to remind them , for example, " Herodotus " and " Diodore Sicilian " and " Blue Tark Roman " , is enough to refer the reader to the writings of Herodotus on Egypt to notice what the of victimization and lack of objectivity in most of what they mentioned about Egypt and its people

The Monuments

It means the legacy of the ancient Egyptian civilization of the heritage of written and unwritten ; such as the pyramids and temples, tombs and papyrus paintings , coffins and funerary arts and sciences

    There is no doubt that this is the most important source sources believe the study of ancient Egyptian history. Although this cannot be the researcher checker to take whatever record on the effects of truth for granted , because the ancient Egyptians did not write with a view to recording historical events in this current concept came some of what was recorded is crossing from the truth, and multiply , for example, that claim some of the kings they scored a decisive victory in particular battle despite the fact that logic and reality and other sources that talk about the same battle cannot confirm this decisive victory ; and not to the researcher by only a comparison objective to reach the truth or what is approaching