Memphis

City towns in ancient Egypt and the first capital of a unified Egypt , believed to be constructed during the reign of King " Narmer"
I knew the names of the three major , namely:
1 - aspects Ag ( Neighbor White )
2 - from the turnoff (fixed and beautiful )
3 - Mitt Rhein ( by rams )
She described a lot of qualities and continued capital of Egypt since the first family and even the eighth and one of them went out the theories of creation of the universe ( the theory of Petah prominent land owner ) and the famous Trinity Abdul ( Petah - Sekhmet - Nefertum )
Associated with the name of months and the largest cemeteries Egypt ( cemetery Memphis) and it sought the kings of Egypt to leave the impact to perpetuate their memory
Alexander the Great had settled and where the mummy for a year or more , waiting for the preparation of his tomb in Alexandria
Most of the Ptolemaic kings prefer to be the name of her God Ptah part of their names , including the statue of Ramses II came out , which boasts its field of Ramses and his visitors and love the Greeks called Vosmoha " Memphis " and fired by the descendants of the Greeks in the Western world the names of some towns
And a home run , met priests in 196 BC. M. to record thanks to King Ptolemy V in recognition of heaped on them and on their temples and registered their decision hieroglyphs and demotic and Greek , a decision which had a record dozens of copies and willing fortunate to find the French campaign in 1799 in Rosetta on this stone , which unzip symbols Bdoalm Egyptology
Trace Memphis ( now known as Mitt hostage ) Center Badrasheen Although the city remained throughout ancient Egyptian history occupy a prominent place , but it entered in some periods in the circle of oblivion and hit by urban sprawl and agricultural and human messes
But one can not imagine that this city and the importance of this long history was left with only the ruins of some of the installations are scattered here and there
Perhaps some blows foreign occupation of Egypt Alkadina may hit Memphis injuries directly occupation of the King " Bankhy " (one of the kings of the kingdom of plants in Sudan old ) and the control of the Assyrians of the city at the hands of " capturing Hdon " and then " Assyria Banyal " led to the destruction and looting of the city and then they knock-on the hands of the Persian king , " Cambyses ," which ravaged the city and killed the priests of the god Ptah, and even the killing of the Apis bull
In spite of that the city has regained her breath in the Ptolemaic period and in the early Roman era , but the decree issued by the Roman Emperor " Theodsius " vandalized temples and smashing statues of gods have been around the city to rubble
In the following centuries the city became navigate Stones facilities to pay tribute to their other facilities for other purposes
City included a group of temples dedicated to the god " Ptah, " and the rest of the Trinity , including the famous temple , which is known as the " erosion Kaptah "
Leaving of these temples , only the ruins of the Temple of Ptah the Great , who was featuring the statue standing now in the field of Ramses of King Ramses II built this temple in the era of " Ramses II" and added him King " Merneptah " and the kings of the others, and there is another temple was also constructed in the reign of the same kings and it includes compartment constructed in the reign of King Seti the First
The city is home to a collection of palaces , one of the king " Merneptah " and the second to the king, " Uah Ip Ra " ( La Presse ) from Family 26 and still the ruins of the city includes the huge statue lying and carved in rose granite , which is a verse in the art of sculpture in ancient Egypt and a group of statues standing bear the name " Ramses II" , but after careful consideration it turns out to belong to King
" Snosert first " Family of Kings 12
The area includes also the second largest sphinx after the statue of Giza is carved from alabaster stone because of the modern state and there is a panel of the reign of King " La Presse "
And the effects of the region Temple embalming , which was dedicated to the embalming Apis bull before burial in Sarabium Saqqara and dating the temple to the family of 26 still includes some tables and utensils embalming and to the south of the Temple of mummification found the tomb of Amir " Chacang " of the family 22 were also found on the cemetery of the Central State In one of the hills region found the ruins of the temple of Hathor was built in the family 19

Technology building science

Research has revealed the effects that began in the era of life that stretched their roots to pre-dynastic period that the ancient Egyptians violin them credit in a triangle building science technology to the whole world that the triangle that consists ribs :

A construction unit : the brick is created by the ancient Egyptian architect of 8 thousand years gave him his name ( repentance ) and select the shape and proportions of its dimensions , which he kept to the world today.

B The unit of measurement : from Alaouhh hierarchical arm architectural and other units of measurement and divide decimals and percentages and used to calculate the dimensions and surfaces and vacuum with a link to each equitable theories of computational and mathematical and geometric next to the invention of the numbers identified by the units of measurement science and mathematics and engineering that developed theories of art architecture Science and innovation in addition to the construction and measurement units of time starting from the second year and subdivisions that moved him the whole world did not try to change it today.

C - unit configuration : straight line , starting from various angles , circles, curves and formations engineering and the related sciences trigonometry and descriptive geometry and science of plastic .

Embalming Tools

In the Mummification Museum in Luxor reveals the director of the museum for the discovery of means of mummification , which dates back old for three thousand years has been discovered in one of the tombs of Saqqara for one of the leaders of the army and it seems that the political situation in his day were not stable Vtm embalmed in just a week , and spoke with the interaction between material embalming and body , led to leakage of fluid under the bottom of the feet in place until the year 2491 where it was the discovery of this cemetery and assembling this fluid analysis and proved that we have a sample of embalming fluid , which was used by the Pharaohs . He adds: The museum also contains tools mummification made ​​of bronze, dating back to different historical stages and in good condition , there are scissors and a scalpel , which cuts their body and the mattress , which is still by salt neutron , and there is a tool called Alosetyawlh a machine used in the extraction of brain tissue .
There is the museum 's mummy full of 12 family , and this era of perfection in the processes of mummification , and there were differences between men and women in the process of mummification , Fallon dark red was used for men while the ladies was wore them Luna yellow opening , while maintaining the features of the body natural , and they were stuffing viscera in certain places in the flesh to show the muscles and cheeks .. Despite all these discoveries and information , but there are still things in the mysterious art of embalming , are those that can be secrets I have priests and doctors based on the embalming and mummification of the Pharaohs , which has made such a force and the ability to continue this secret despite all the factors of time

Beliefs of resurrection after death

Associated with ancient Egyptian religion closely related to the doctrine of resurrection and immortality, for their strong belief that death is not the only trip to cross from the world of temporal life into the world of permanent life and eternity , and these premises , which formed the core of the Egyptian religion , the search for the secret of immortality , he served the Egyptian concern, not only immortality the ( Ba ) spirit but also the immortality of the ( Ka ) of the body , and in light of this relentless pursuit to keep the body Egyptians excelled in the art of hot where scientists the world over the twentieth century , and tried to imitate it in different ways the art of mummification , which turned into a secret world hidden immortality , who did not realize what it might be after the flag .
Not another puzzles
The embalming is not the last puzzles not the first , but in a series of puzzles many scientists are trying to decipher , did not reveal the hieroglyphics on the secrets of the pyramids , which are specially designed as tombs for the burial of kings , and interpreted by some in recent studies it was an astronomical observatory visits , and a warehouse for grain once again , and last but not least reach some scientists Americans to uncover claims that the pyramids , especially the Great Pyramid was stored for power generation, but attempts were made to simulate the art of mummification is based on keeping the body of the deceased , by cooling the nitrogen gas to high scores below zero , to save the body in capsule and saved what looked like a refrigerator , which is the way followed in embalming the body of Vladimir Lenin, the founder of the communist state in Russia, who died in 4291 and his body was mummified remains in the Red Square in Moscow.
Mummy
Any awe of those that when you stand Tantabk Hall mummies in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo , and you see the mummy of Ramses II in full detail .. A man is dead, but his body still retains its shape with a bit of drought , any sense that you feel in this situation , you're not in front of the mystery unfold nominally yet? ! And is one of the secrets of mummification , which singled out by the class of the Egyptians , and in an attempt to save his secrets and not to inform anyone of neighboring states it , putting a legitimate question , why the ancient mummification took this secret ?
Do it relates to the ritual of death and the afterlife only ?
Or that there are other reasons behind this secrecy ?

Curse of the Pharaohs

Curse of the Pharaohs is the phenomenon of death , scientists and researchers working in the field of research and exploration of Pharaonic antiquitiesThis phenomenon is fabulous explanation after the papyrus was written " from approaching the kings of the Pharaohs will meet the fate of the other eternal life "It was said that it is the curse of trying to solve all of the discovery of the graves often die but if it reaped lucky ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !* Indeed, the fact remained always *Respect for the human mind , scientists tried to discover the real reason behind the phenomenon, and here are some findings :1 ) There is a fungus called _Speer jellies injure_ cause inflammation of the respiratory tract , shortness of breath , which is spread on papyrus and the old indoor tightly for long periods.2) _Hesto plasmoses_ disease caused by certain parasites and bat droppings and rotting of some of the material is well known that the graves are full of objects to be that his potential .3) Egyptians excelled in the preparation of toxins and discovered many types of them probably did we find after having discovered a kind of poison affects by inhalation and it is natural to use it to protect the graves and what they are closed , the effect of these toxins continue to for a long time comes Researchers today and walk to inhale and then deposit world.4) was discovered some deadly radiation from the most important uranium and that was early in the last century , but some papyri show that the Egyptians they used radioactive materials to protect themselves from thieves and natural use to protect the tombs of kings and Some researchers emphasize that these materials are probably the uranium and other radioactive materials with knowing that they do not directly affect the rights in 1654 he died of Japanese Sea 40 years after 6 months from the American bombings of Hiroshima and doctors have confirmed that the radioactive ash is the reason behind his death .May not be all of these are the reasons behind the strange phenomenon is still research in progress ..........But we have to remember that when a man dies interrupted it relates to life on the surface of the ground, " the undeniable fact "

Eighteenth Dynasty (1575 to 1308 BC.M)

The foundations of this family Ahmose I and in this family knocked off the famous Queen Hatshepsut on the throne of Egypt in 1504 BC. MIn 1347 BC. M. sat famous pharaoh AkhenatenIn 1347 BC. M. sat on the throne of Egypt pharaoh Tutankhamun , and their mother died a young man at the age of 18 years and discovered his tomb and influenced the history of Egypt Pharaonic treasures , which found itLondon , England ( Reuters) - Scientists have discovered the first complete skeleton of a lion in a tomb in the Nile Valley and say that the discovery confirms the status of the holy lion in ancient Egypt .It was the discovery of the skeleton of a lion deeply buried two thousand years ago, in Saqqara near the entrance to the tomb of Maya wet nurse of King Tutankhamun older .And be aware of the importance of the lion researchers in ancient Egypt through inscriptions and texts , but there were not substantial evidence supports it .He now Zvi Institute (HCV . Said . RSS . Feed ) in Paris, told Reuters: " This is the first . " In reference to the skeleton.He added that the discovery " very exciting and important because we have skeletons in full. "The lion mummified and buried among the graves of cats that were established in the last century BC in a place dedicated to the goddess Bastet .The researchers said that the skeleton was found lying full rock above his head and his body was moving north and moving east confirms that Black had been living in Egypt in the last centuries BC .They added that the lion lived in households is likely that tunnel naturally .Said Zeevi and his colleagues in a published report in Nature, the scientific bulletin " was often described the presence of black at the time of the pharaohs , but to our knowledge this is the first complete skeleton is discovered in Egypt . "Although the skeleton found in a cemetery dating back to 1430 BC, but it was buried in the very late when it was re- use of the cemetery.Zeevi said that the skeleton " is not linked from the archaeological time of Tutankhamun . "Zeevi and works in a project set up by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in France under the supervision of the Supreme Council of Antiquities in Egypt .

Family Pharaonic sixth (2354 BC. AD to 2181 BC.M)

The foundations of this family pharaoh Titi Egyptian archaeologists found the tomb of an ancient Polish on the official royal , dating back to more than 4,000 years , according to a number of Egyptian officials on Wednesday.In a written statement , announced the Egyptian culture minister , Farouk Hosni , find a cemetery near the pyramids of Saqqara large , which is located just 15 miles south of Cairo . And belong to the cemetery , " Ne - Ankh - Naftm " which was known as a server of God in the reign of King Jonas and Queen Titi , who successfully ruled Egypt between 2375 and 2291 BC , according to the Associated Press .The rectangular cemetery contains a number of phantom doors , and a small chapel , and a burial chamber decorated with scenes depicting scenes of everyday life of the deceased , and recorded his titles , including the " guard the property of the King ," and " the butler in the Big House . "The Zahi Hawass , head of the Supreme Council of Antiquities of Egypt, it has been found under the ruins of the cemetery accumulated from the remains of mummies , coffins and wooden skeletons dating back to Pharaonic times and Ptolemaic and Romania

Cadiz Kingdom 2,500 years ago

A team of archaeologists pit containing ancient statues carved in the Nile Valley and described as Antiques .
A team of Swiss and French scientists excavating in an area north of Sudan when he discovered the hole , which he says did not affect the two thousand years ago .
The scientists found the statues of highly polished granite belonging to Nubian kings known as the " black pharaohs " .
The rule of these kings great empire in the region of the Nile Valley , known as the Kingdom of Kadesh 2,500 years ago .
The Group is a belief that the ancient Egyptians buried the statues in the pit in an attempt to erase the memory of the black pharaohs .
Many of them have been subjected to serious damage so that their heads were destroyed and broken legs

King Semerkhet

King tried Samar Khet to prove its legitimacy to rule by the king's name erased from the imam Ip Alvazat a holiday in the renewal of the reign of King.
Alihurssa his name, the name of the king, who takes him when crowned king
(Companion of the gods)
And the name of Birth
(He whom the two mistresses guard)

Middle Kingdom

Precedes the Central State (2040 - 1640 BC. M . ) Times the average first and who ruled the dynastic period began from seventh to tenth , which ended the division of the country , to come to the Middle Kingdom starting from Pharaoh Mentuhotep II in 2065 and who was a prince of Thebes and re- unification of the country and impose order , He gave the kings of Central State projects most beneficial to the people flourished agriculture and evolved artefacts , and produced the Egyptian artists and engineers heritage to a great spread in Luxor , Fayoum, Ain Shams · also flourished art and literature, in this day and age , and the kings of this age Amenemhat I , Amenemhat III and followed this state age average the second and the dynasties that ruled from 13 to 17 , which weakened the central state that has led to the raid tribes inhabit the region of the Eastern Mediterranean , known as the Hyksos invasion of Egypt and the areas in the north of the country and Oost .

Nefertiti a symbol of feminine beauty

Nefertiti is one of the most ancient Egyptian archaeological work , a bust greased - old limestone more than 3300 years , the Egyptian sculpture sculptor Thutmose in 1345 BC . Almost , Queen Nefertiti, wife of the Egyptian pharaoh Akhenaten. Make this statue of Nefertiti, one of the most famous women of the ancient world , and a symbol of feminine beauty .

The bust of Nefertiti was found a German excavation team led implications Egyptology Ludwig Borchardt in Amarna in Egypt in 1912. Put the statue in several locations in Germany since he was found , including a salt mine in Merckx - Kesslnbach , Dahlem Museum in West Berlin , and the Egyptian Museum in Charlottenburg and old museum in Berlin. Since 2009 , the statue settled in New Berlin Museum to now. Became the bust of Nefertiti cultural symbol of Berlin , as well as ancient Egypt. It also sparked fierce debate between Egypt and Germany over Egypt demands return of artifacts smuggled into Egypt .

Cleopatra's Palace

Since time immemorial Cleopatra's Palace drowned in the Mediterranean , but visitors to the city of Alexandria will be finally can see the remains of the palace through the underwater museum for the first time in the world.

The site has been proposed for the museum near the Library of Alexandria , where it is believed that the famous queen of Egypt may protect with her ​​boyfriend Marc Anthony before taking the decision to terminate her life.

In early September / September 2008, UNESCO announced that it will be funding a team of researchers to determine whether such this will be a museum of artifacts submerged any damage.


If you were building this museum, will be displayed and the effects of the treasures of this palace, who stood one day on the beach on one of the largest man-made bays in the world , which flooded the resulting tsunami waves from earthquakes fourth century AD .

Middle pherounic Kingdom

Regained the pharaohs of the Middle Kingdom country's prosperity and stability , which led to stimulate art and literature projects and massive construction .  

rule Mentouhotob II and his successors of the Eleventh Dynasty country of Thebes as the capital of the country , but soon changed it when handing Minister Amenemhat I Royal Family twelfth in 1985 BC . ,

 when is the capital and make it to Tgtawi located in Fayoum now and the development of the Twelfth Dynasty pharaohs long-term plan for land reclamation and irrigation systems to increase agricultural production in the country. And more than that, the army regained the Nuba region rich in quarries and gold , the work of the workers to build a defensive structure in the Eastern Delta dubbed " the walls of the ruling " to repel external attacks .

The country flourished in art and religion in the light of military security and agricultural policy and security . Contrary to the position of the elite old state towards the gods, has seen the Middle increase in the expression of " personal piety " or what could be called "democratic afterlife " , which gives every individual spirit could be hello out next to the gods after death.  as literature Excellence in the Middle Kingdom writings sophisticated themes and characters written in eloquent style and bold , and dispersion sculpture and collages hidden for a period of arrests , the details of the individual reached new levels of technical perfection . 

Befor families

Prior to the beginning of the era before the families, the arid Egyptian climate was less what it is today. Savannah covered large areas of Egypt and crossed the grazing herds of ungulates . The wealth of animal and plant more prolific from now in all regions, and helped the Nile River region in groups of breeding waterfowl . Fishing was common among Egyptians in that period , which has also been domesticated many animals . Traditional jar used by the peoples in the pre - dynastic period .
In about 5000 BC . , Small tribes lived in the Nile Valley and has grown and developed a series of cultures that were agriculture and animal husbandry controlled, in addition to the collection of pottery and private property has been found . The largest of those civilizations are Badari in Upper Egypt , which is best known for high-quality Ceramic , stone tools , and use of copper.

In the north, followed Badari civilizations Omratiyan and Gerzean , 

which showed a number of technological developments. During the period of civilization Agheirzaan , proved early evidence of a connection with Canaan and Byblos Coast

King Tutankhamun

An Tut Ankh Balamonbalheiroglefah name:
(1) name generator (North): "Tut Ankh security Hakaa of, Ono wax"
It means: "Appearance of Amon neighborhood, Governor of South O'n".
(2) The name of the royal: "Neb Khb ro of Ra"
It means: "Mr. Persons Ra,
So Tutankhamun's name means "the living image of the god Amun"

Tankhamun was a pharaoh of the Egyptian family of eighteen
In the history of ancient Egypt and the Pharaoh of Egypt from 1334 to 1325 BC . AD .
In the era of the modern state.
And Tutankhamun is of the most famous pharaohs for reasons not related to the achievements made
Or wars won , but for other reasons are not considered important from a historical perspective
It is most important is the discovery of his tomb and his treasures in full without any damage
The mystery surrounding the circumstances of his death saluting seen a lot Pharaoh 's death at a very early age
Unnatural , especially with the presence of traces of fractures of the thigh bone and skull
And his minister marriage of his widow after his death and the inauguration of the same Pharaoh

All of these mysterious events and the heavy use of the legend of the curse of the Pharaohs
Associated with the tomb of Tutankhamun , which have been used in movies and video games
Made Tutankhamen Pharaohs months for reasons not related at all
Or historical importance of the achievements made ​​him during his short years the Pharaoh of Egypt
And but for the mysteries and questions have no answer some considered one of the oldest assassinations
In human history.

River Nile...

"Egypt is the gift of the Nile", the old wisdom said it by big historians Hurdot annexation her many things can be said and separates, Egypt is without Neil was to be an integral part of the desert stretching east of the valley and the western countries, the existence of the Nile to create Egypt diameter and geographic location, and make the hearts of people loves him,and stayed at this spot people.This control, in turn, people in this holy river, and wrote waters, and the drilling of its branches and canal and the Gulf, and face a destination that pleases them to grow the largest possible area of the territory of this valley, and stayed bridges and arches to organize the transport and transfer of crops.

Crystallized manifestations of religion and art in Egypt

Egypt was flourished which a strong central government also gone through periods of decay and disintegration can be summarized as follows:
Archaic period : Includes families 1 , 2, the era of the adoption of political unity and lay the foundations of Egyptian civilization on solid bases .
Old state : It includes families of 3-6 ( about 2690 - 2180 BC). An era full of Homeland Security , where Egypt has been able to reach the top of its glory in the science of medicine, astronomy and engineering is the era of the builders of the pyramids.
Followed by the Old Age of Diminished family reunion from 7 - 10 ( about 2180 - 2060 BC). , Fassadt the uncle of turmoil and chaos descended art and but flourished literature , and good princes managed to unite the country again and play .
Central State : include 11 - 14 ( about 2060 - 1710 BC).Interested in foreign policy, kings , and took control of Lower Nubia and carried out a massive irrigation projects .Second Intermediate Period and include Dynastic 15-17 ( about 1710 - 1560 BC). Signed by Egypt under the Hyksos occupation , to enable the good lords the liberation of their homeland thanks sincerely like Taa Ra and his two sons Kamose and Ahmose and these are considered the founders of the modern state.

Egypt has the largest recorded in the world

Egypt has the largest recorded in the world, and ancient Egyptian history is divided into into a comprehensive eras : prehistoric and historic era II. King Menes unified the two countries, the first family.

In the prehistoric era began the stability of the Egyptian first in the Nile Valley (about 6000 BC). While knew of Agriculture, and the presence of the animal, and settled in small communities cooperating , where advanced civilization and formed in Egypt two states, Delta and Upper what to broadcast that united year 3100 BC . AD . Under a central authority headed by the pharaoh and that was thanks to (MENA ) unified the two countries .
In the second historical era known writing and crystallized manifestations of religion and art, this historical era is divided into 30 families ownership of the three countries.

Mary Girgis Church

This was the church of the hold Churches of the Roman fort, built by rich Athanasius in 684 AD, but unfortunately fire burned eighty years ago, leaving them only outside the reception hall known as the "Hall Erssan" dating back to the fourteenth century.

It is noteworthy that the region contains a host of other churches near the Mosque of Amr ibn al-Aas within the city of Fustat, namely: - the Church of Abu Sayfeen- Anba Shenouda - Almsheeria - Babylon El Darak- Abba Khaber and Youhana- Prince Tadros Mashraky - Archangel Michael - Deir Abu Seven Sisters - Mina Zahra ancient Egypt.

Secrets of building the pyramids

The ancient Egyptians ancestors believe tamper with immortality, and they will live another life after the paradox of this world , and did everything in their power to keep their bodies , and they mummified believing that the presence of the body in proper condition necessary for the life of the other, as were the views of tools and dishes embossed on the stones until you real sacrifices that are necessary for the life of the body after death , and also carved statues and put them in tombs and temples in order to be a substitute for the mummy if it smashed or lost , and in the case of the return of the soul to it .Thus influences played a role in the activity of religious architecture, building tombs and care Ahram as immortal houses , they built of stone , while the palaces and houses built of mud - brick and burned as houses for low fleeting .The king had a special status in all phases of Egyptian history , especially in the era of the old state , he is not human normal , but it is the same sacred, the first representative of God on earth, and after his death, moving to a clique of gods in the other world, and become one of them , and this is what makes people in the building is dedicated to the royal pyramid .These pyramids , temples and cemeteries in and around the ruins that we see now was in one day full of priests who were giving offerings to the souls of kings and the public , and was one day illuminate what around wearing a pure white stone .Temples were also echoed hymns and prayers which saying it the priests while offerings and flowers cover the massacres , and the smell of incense increases the ambient sanctity of the place , but the inscriptions and colorful pictures on the walls of tombs and temples still a living witness to that movement which silent about over the years .It's really a great Pharaonic civilization